Test Review One

Chapter 1

Lifespan development

Physical development

Cognitive development

Personality development

Social development

Ecological approach

Cohort

Normative history-graded influences

Normative age-graded influences

Normative sociocultural-graded influences

Nonnormative life events

Continuous change

Discontinuous change

Critical period

Sensitive period

Maturation

Theories

Psychodynamic perspective

Psychoanalytic theory

Id

Ego

Superego

Psychosexual development

Fixation

Psychosocial development

Behavioral perspective

Classical conditioning

Operant conditioning

Behavior modification

Social-cognitive learning theory

Cognitive perspective

Assimilation

Accommodation

Information processing approaches

Sociocultural theory

Humanistic theory

Evolutionary perspective

Scientific method

Hypothesis

Correlational research

Experimental research

Naturalistic observation

Case studies

Survey research

Experiment

Treatment

Treatment group

Control group

Independent variable

Dependent variable

Sample

Field study

Laboratory study

Theoretical research

Applied research

Longitudinal research

Cross-sectional research

Cross-sequential studies

Chapter 2

Genes

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

Chromosomes

Zygote

Gametes

Monozygotic twins

Dizygotic twins

Dominant trait

Recessive trait

Genotype

Phenotype

Homozygous

Heterozygous

Polygenic inheritance

X-linked genes

Behavioral genetics

Down syndrome

Fragile X syndrome

Sickle-cell anemia

Tay-Sachs disease

Klinefelter’s syndrome

Genetic counseling

Amniocentesis

Chorionic villus sampling

Ultrasound sonography

Temperament

Multifactorial transmission

Active genotype-environment effects

Passive genotype-environment effects

Evocative genotype-environment effects

Fertilization

Infertility

Artificial insemination

In vitro fertilization

Surrogate mother

Germinal stage

Placenta

Embryonic stage

Fetal stage

Fetus

Teratogen

Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)

Chapter 3

Neonate

Postmature infants

Episiotomy

Cesarean delivery

Apgar scale

Fetal monitors

Anoxia

Stillbirth

Bonding

Infant mortality

Preterm infants

Reflexes

Low-birthweight infants

Classical conditioning

Small-for-gestational-age infants

Operant conditioning

Very-low-birthweight infants

Habituation

Age of viability

States of arousal

Chapter 4

Cephalocaudal principle

Proximodistal principle

Principle of hierarchical integration

Principle of the independence of systems

Neuron

Synapse

Myelin

Cerebral cortex

Plasticity

Sensitive period

Rhythms

State

Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep

Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)

Reflexes

Norms

Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral

Assessment (NBAS)

Marasmus

Kwashiorkor

Nonorganic failure to thrive

Sensation

Perception

Multimodal approach to perception

Affordances

Chapter 5

Scheme

Assimilation

Accommodation

Sensorimotor stage (of cognitive development)

Circular reaction

Goal-directed behavior

Object permanence

Mental representation

Deferred imitation

Information-processing approaches

Memory

Infantile amnesia

Developmental quotient

Bayley scales of Infant Development

Visual-recognition memory

Cross-modal transference

Language

Prelinguistic communication

Babbling

Holophrases

Telegraphic speech

Underextension

Overextension

Referential style

Expressive style

Learning theory approach

Nativist approach

Universal grammar

Language-acquisition device (LAD)

Infant-directed speech

Chapter 6

Differential emotions theory

Stranger anxiety

Separation anxiety

Social smile

Social referencing

Self-awareness

Theory of mind

Empathy

Attachment

Ainsworth Strange Situation

Secure attachment pattern

Avoidant attachment pattern

Ambivalent attachment pattern

Disorganized-disoriented attachment pattern

Mutual regulation model

Reciprocal socialization

Personality

Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development

Trust-versus-mistrust stage

Autonomy-versus-shame-and-doubt stage

Temperament

Easy babies

Difficult babies

Slow-to-warm babies

Goodness-of-fit

Gender